View IXDN0037_3635656.PDF datasheet online --- IC-ON-LINE

Datasheet File OCR Text:

at89rfd-10 / evlb002 non-dimmable fluorescent ballast ............................................................................................................................... ........................... user guid e IXDN0037
ballast demonstrator user guide -1 7629a?avr?04/06 section 1 introduction ................ ................ ................. ................ ................. ......... 1-1 1.1 general description ..... ............................................................................1-2 1.2 ballast demonstrator features ....... .........................................................1-2 section 2 ballast demonstrator device features ........... .............. .............. ......... 2-5 2.1 atmel supported products .............. .........................................................2-5 2.2 ixys supported products .................. ......................................................2-5 section 3 ballast description ...... ................. ................ ................. .............. ......... 3-7 3.1 circuit topology .............................. .........................................................3-7 3.1.1 line conditioning ...............................................................................3-7 3.1.2 low voltage supply ...........................................................................3-7 3.1.3 pfc boost regulator .........................................................................3-8 3.1.4 pfc magnetics ..................................................................................3-8 3.1.5 lamp drive ........................................................................................3-8 3.1.6 control ...............................................................................................3-8 3.1.7 ixys ixi859 charge pump regula tor ...............................................3-9 3.1.8 ixys ixtp02n50d depletion mode mosfet used ..........................3-9 3.1.9 ixys ixd611 half bridge mosfet driver .......................................3-10 3.1.10 ixys ixtp3n50p polarhv n-channel power mosfet .................3-10 section 4 circuit operation............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .......... 4-11 4.1 pfc ........................................................................................................4-11 4.1.1 pfc sequence ................................................................................4-12 4.2 lamp circuit ...........................................................................................4-12 4.2.1 general ............................................................................................4-12 section 5 at8xeb5114 non-dimmable software ......... .............. .............. .......... 5-15 5.1 main_at8xeb5114_fluo_demo.c ......... .................................................5-17 5.1.1 adc state machine ...................................................................5-17 5.2 pfc_ctrl.c ................................................................................................5-19 5.2.1 pfc state machine ...................................................................5-19 5.3.1 lamp state machine ........................................................................5-21 section 6 conclusion ......... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .......... 6-23
-2 ballast demonstrat or user guide 7629a?avr?04/06 6.1 appendix 1: capacitor coupled low voltage supply .............................6-23 6.2 appendix 2: pfc basics .........................................................................6-24 6.3 appendix 3: bill of materials....................................................................6-25 6.4 appendix 4: schematic ...........................................................................6-28
ballast demonstrator user guide -1 7629a?avr?04/06 section 1 introduction efficient fluorescent lamps and magnetic balla sts have been the standard lighting fixture in commercial and industrial lighting for many years. several lamp types, rapid start, high output, and others are available for cost effective and special applications. this user guide covers operation and development details of the non-dimmable version of our fluorescent ballast for operating a variety of lamps that are available today. this guide also covers power electronic circuits that find wide utilization in other applications beyond lighting alone, which include power factor correction, half-bridge inverter drives, and charge pump regulators all em ploying a variety of ixys / atmel parts. typical rapid start fluorescent lamps have tw o pins at each end with a filament across the pins. the lamp has argon gas under low pressure and a small amount of mercury in the phosphor coated glass tube. as an ac voltage is applied at each end and the fila- ments are heated, electrons ar e driven off the filaments th at collide with mercury atoms in the gas mixture. a mercury electron reache s a higher energy level then falls back to a normal state releasing a photon of ultraviolet (uv) waveleng th. this photon collides with both argon assisting ionization and the phos phor coated glass tube. high voltage and uv photons ionize the argon, increasing gas conduction and releasing more uv pho- tons. uv photons collide with the phosphor atom s increasing their el ectron energy state and releasing heat. phosphor electron state decreases and releases a visible light pho- ton. different phosphor and gas materials can modify some of the lamp characteristics. figure 1-1. fluorescent tube composition
-2 ballast demonstrat or user guide 7629a?avr?04/06 since the argon conductivity increases and resistance across the lamp ends decreases as the gas becomes exci ted, an inductance (ballast) must be used to limit and control the gas current. in the past, an inductor could be designed to limit the current for a nar- row range of mains voltage and frequency. a better method to control gas current is to vary an inductor's volt-seconds to achieve th e desired lamp current and intensity. a vari- able frequency inverter operating from a dc bu s can do this. if the inductor is part of an r-l-c circuit, rapid start ignition and operat ing currents are easily controlled depending on the driving frequency versus resonant frequency. utility is enhanced by designing a power factor correcting boost converter (pfc) to achieve the inverter dc bus over a wide mains voltage range of 90 - 265vac, 50/60 hz. since a pfc circuit keeps the mains current and voltage in phase with very low distor- tion, mains power integrity is maintained. additional utility is achieved by designing a microcontroller for the electronic ballast application that can precisely and efficiently control power levels in the fluorescent lamp. an applicat ion specific microcontroller offers the designer unlimited opportunity to enhance marketability of lighting products. the final design topology is shown in the block diagram of figure 1-3. 1.1 general description fluorescent ballast topology usually includes line conditi oning for ce compliance, a power factor correction bloc k including a boost converter to 380 v for universal input applications and a half bridge inverter. varyin g the frequency of the inverter permits time for filament preheat and ignition for rapid st arting, including precise power control. as shown in the block diagram, figure 3, all of these functions can be timed, regulated, and diagnosed with the atmel at89eb5114 microcontroller. 1.2 ballast demonstrator features ? automatic microcontroller non-dimmable ballast ? universal input _ 90 to 265 vac 50/60 hz, 90 to 370 vdc ? power factor corrected (pfc) boost regulator ? power feedback for stable operation over line voltage range ? variable frequency half bridge inverter ? 18w, up to 2 type t8 lamps ? automatic single lamp operation
ballast demonstrator user guide -3 7629a?avr?04/06 figure 1-2. ballast demonstrator assembled board figure 1-3. non-dimmable ballast block diagram uvlo 15v 3.3v regulator pfc driver ix859 pfc boost regulator driver driver 15v inverter decoupling capacitor resonating inductor and filament transformer 2 11 3 10 5 8 6 7 t4 ixd611 r28 ixtp3n50p q5 q4 bulk capacitor c9 c14 d4 q3 r2 q1 d2 d3 r9 & r13 r35 t1 ixtp02n50d r10 & r14 r39 11 2 10 3 56 7 c11 resonating capacitor t3 balance transformer and lamps power v oltage r42 pfc output inverter high inverter low v_haversine v_bus v_lamp i_lamp p3.5/w0m1 p3.5w1m0 p3.6/w1m1 p4.0/ain0 p3.3/ain4 p4.1/ain1 p4.3/ain3 pfc_zcd p3.2/int0 at89eb5114 8 12 1 pfc inductor
ballast demonstrator user guide -5 7629a?avr?04/06 section 2 ballast demonstrator device features 2.1 atmel supported products at89eb5114 microcontroller ? high speed configurable pwm outputs for pfc and ? bridge inverter ? 6 analog inputs for a/d conversion, 2.4v internal reference level ? 3 high speed pwm outputs used for the pfc and ? bridge driver ? a/d with programmable gain used for efficient current sensing ? soic 20 pin package 2.2 ixys supported products ixi859 charge pump with voltage regulator and mosfet driver ? 3.3v regulator with undervoltage lockout ? converts pfc energy to regulated 15vdc ? low propagation delay driver with 15v out and 3v input for pfc fet gate ixtp3n50p mosfet ? 500v, low r ds (on) power mosfet, 3 used in design ixd611s mosfet driver ? up to 600ma drive current ? ? bridge, high and low side driver in a single surface mount ic ? undervoltage lockout
ballast demonstrator user guide -7 7629a?avr?04/06 section 3 ballast description 3.1 circuit topology ? line conditioning with input filter and vari stor for noise suppression and protection. ? low voltage supply ? pfc / boost regulator ? pfc magnetics ? lamp drive ? microprocessor control ? charge pump regulator ? ? bridge driver ? ? bridge power mosfet stage for up to 2 lamps 3.1.1 line conditioning an input filter section cons isting of c1, c3, and common mode choke l1 prevent switch- ing signal frequencies and their harmonics from the pfc boost converter from being conducted to the mains. varistor rv1 protec ts the ballast circuit from line voltage tran- sients. full wave bridge rectif ier br1 converts the line ac to a dc haversine. diode d2 is used to provide a point ahead of the boost inductor and filter where the haversine sig- nal can be sensed by the microcontroller. this is necessary for the proper timing of the pfc control drive signal which must maintain a constant on time pulse width over a haversine period. 3.1.2 low voltage supply 3.3v microcontroller power and ~ 15v fet drive power are provided by the low voltage supply consisting of a current source (q1) and multipurpose ic u1 (ixi589). internal to u1 are a 3.3v linear regulator, a 15v (nom inal) two point regulator , under-voltage lock- out comparators and control, charge pump switching circuitry, and a fet driver. (see more detailed description of the ixi859 below ) for startup, the current source formed by q1, and its associated components sources cu rrent into c6 until the voltage at u1 pin 1 reaches the under-voltage lockout upper limit of approximately 14.1v. the current source voltage output is limited by zener diode d3 to about 16 v. when the under-volt- age lockout limit is reached, the ixi859 begins to supply 3.3v to the microcontroller. the microcontroller then begins to supply drive pulses to the pfc fet q3 through the ixi859 fet gate driver. the charge pump regu lator circuit is then able to supply 15v power by efficiently converting energy from th e pfc switching circuit. this feature is not used in the non-dimmable demonstrator desi gn. rather, a voltage doubler circuit con- sisting of d4, d20 and c31 connected to the pfc transformer secondary provides 15v power after startup.
-8 ballast demonstrat or user guide 7629a?avr?04/06 3.1.3 pfc boost regulator the pfc (power factor correcting) boost regulator circuit is used to convert the recti- fied input line voltage to a 380v dc supply while maintaining a sinusoidal average input current in phase with the input voltage. the microcontroller accomplis hes this by switch- ing the pfc fet with on times that are constant over a haversine period and by maintaining nearly critical conduction condit ions. since the current in the pfc inductor is nearly triangular and its peaks are proportional to the input haversine voltage, the average current is proportional to the input waveform. therefore, the power factor is maintained near unity. 3.1.4 pfc magnetics without going into the derivations of the formulas used, the transformer design is as follows: l = [(1.4 * 90vac) * (20 us)] / 3.6a peak = 700 uh a 3.6 apk maximum fet current is 1.8 a approximately divided by the on/off ratio. the on time has been discussed earlier and the off time maximum will occur at high line condition at the peak of the haversine. a 16 mm core was chosen for the recom- mended power density at 200 mt and 50 khz. 3.1.5 lamp drive the microcontroller sends rectangular pulses to the half-bridge driver (ixd611). the ixd611 contains high side and low side fet drivers and floating high side supply cir- cuitry to produce high side gate drive. (see more detailed description of the ixd611 to follow) the pulses from the microcontroller are non-overlapping and 180 degrees out of phase. a deadband time between hbridge hi and hbridge lo pulses insures that both drivers are never on at the same time. the lamp drive is constant in duty cycle. the power to the lamps is controlled by varying the frequency of the drive signals. the ixd611 drives two fets (ixtp3n50p ) in a half-bridge configuration. the output of the half-bridge is ac coupled by c11 to the lamps through a resonating transformer and capacitor (t4 and c12). additi onal windings on t4 supply filament cur- rent to the lamps. balance transformer t3 fo rces the current to be shared equally by the two lamps. the lamp currents are conducted to circuit common through a 1 ohm resis- tor which is used to sense the lamp current so that lamp power may be controlled by the microcontroller. 3.1.6 control the ballast is controlled by microcontro ller u3. u3 is an atmel at8xeb5114 with an 80c51 core and specialized ci rcuitry for controlling the ba llast. included are two pwm units that are used for controlling the pfc dr ive and the half-bridge drive with deadtime. an internal analog to digital converter conv erts input signals so the processor can moni- tor and control the ballast. the at8xeb5114 pin connections for ballast control and scale factors for analog inputs are as follows: ? p4.0/ain0 vbus monitor input (vbus = ain0 x 201) ? p4.1/ain1 rectified lamp voltage sense (vlamp = ain1 x 294) ? p4.2/ain2 lamp ac voltage (vac ~= ain2 x 446) ? p4.3/ain3 lamp current (amplif y by 10) (ilamp = ain3/1ohm) ? p3.3/ain4 haversine voltage input (vhaversine = ain4 x 201) ? p3.4/ain5 temperature sensor (vtemp = 1.1v @ 25c || .264v @ 85c) ? p3.6 nc (no connection) ? p3.5/w1m0 pfc drive ? p3.2/int0 current zero cr ossing detect (interrupt) ? p3.1/w0m1 half bridge high side drive
ballast demonstrator user guide -9 7629a?avr?04/06 ? p3.0/w0m0 half bridge low side drive the temperature monitor is a thermistor with a nominal 10k resistance at 25c and 1.74k resistance at 80c. it is mounted on the circuit board and so monitors ambient temperature in the lamp housing. additional dedicated pins allow in-circuit pr ogramming of the flash memory using header j2. other pins provide connec tions for the oscillator and vo ltage referenc e components. 3.1.7 ixys ixi859 charge pump regulator the ixi859 charge pump regulator integrates three primary function s central to the pfc stage of the ballast demonstrator. first it includes a linear regulated supply voltage out- put, and in this application the linear regulator provides 3.3v to run the microcontroller. the second function is a gate drive buffer that switches an external power mosfet used to boost the pfc voltage to 380v. on ce the microcontroller is booted up and run- ning, it generates the input signal to driv e the pfc mosfet through the ixi859 gate drive buffer. finally, the third function prov ides two point regulated supply voltage for operating external devices. as a safety feature, the ixi859 includes an internal vcc clamp to prevent damage to itself due to over-voltage conditions. in general applications at start-up, an r-c combination is employed at the vcc supply pin that ramps up a trickle voltage to the vc c pin from a high voltage offline source. the value of r is large to protect the internal zener diode clamp and as a result, can't supply enough current to power the microcontroller on it's own. c provides energy to boot the microcontroller. at a certain voltage level during the ramp up, the under voltage lock out point is reached and the ixi859 enables itself. the internal voltage regulator that supplies the microcontro ller is also activated during this time. however, given the trickle charge nature of the vcc input voltage, th e microcontroller must boot itself up and enable pfc operation to provide charge pump power to itself. this means that the r-c combination must be sized care fully so that the voltage present at the vcc pin does not collapse too quickly under load and causes th e uvlo circuitry to disable device opera- tion before the microcontroller can take over the charge pump operation. there are a couple of problems associated with this method. namely, under normal operation as previously mentioned, the internal zener diode clamps the input vcc pin voltage and r must dissipate power as long as the zener diode is clamped. assuming that a rectified sine wave is supplied at the vcc means that the internal zener will be clamped and r will be dissipating power as long as the input voltage is greater than the zener voltage. another problem is that when a universal range is used at the vcc pin, 90-265v, r must dissipate nine times the power, current squared function for power in r, over a three- fold increase of voltage from 90v at the low end to 265v on the high end. as an alternative and as used in the ballast demonstrator, the vcc pin is fed voltage by way of a constant current sour ce. this circuit brings several advantages over the regular r-c usage. first we can reduce power cons umed previously by r and replace it with a circuit that can provide power at startup and once the microcontroller is running, shut off current into the vcc pin. the constant current source also has the ability to provide suffi- cient power to run the microcontroller unli ke the r-c combinati on. this would be an advantage in the case that a standby mode is desired. overall power consumption can be reduced by allowing the microcontroller to enter a low power mode and shut down pfc operation without having to reboot the mi crocontroller. since the r-c combination cannot provide enough power to sustain microc ontroller operation, the microcontroller must stay active running the pfc section to power itself. 3.1.8 ixys ixtp02n50d depletion mode mosfet used as a current source the ixys ixtp02n50d depletion mode mosfet is used in this circuit to provide power and a start-up voltage to the vcc pin of the ixi859 charge pump regulator. the ixtp02n50d acts as a current source and se lf regulates as the source voltage rises above the 15v zener voltage and causes the gate to become more negative than the
-10 ballast demonstrat or user guide 7629a?avr?04/06 source due to the voltage drop across the source resistor. enough energy is available from the current source circuit during the conduction angles to keep the ixi859 (u1) pin 1 greater than 14vdc as required to enable the under voltage lock out (uvlo) cir- cuitry in the ixi859. 3.1.9 ixys ixd611 half bridge mosfet driver the ixd611 half bridge driver includes two independent high speed drivers capable of 600ma drive current at a supply voltage of 15v . the isolated high side driver can with- stand up to 650v on its output while mainta ining its supply voltage through a bootstrap diode configuration. in this ballast app lication, the ixd611 is used in a half-bridge inverter circuit driving two ixys ixtp3n50 p power mosfets. the inverter load con- sists of a series resonant inductor and capa citor to power the lamps. filament power is also provided by the load circuit and is wound on the same core as the resonant induc- tor. pulse width modulation (pwm) is not used in this application, instead the power is controlled through frequency variation. it is important to note that pulse overlap, which could lead to the destruction of the two mo sfets due to current shoot through, is pre- vented via the input drive si gnals through the microcontro ller. this parameter, also known as dead time, is not available on th is particular driver. however, a dead time option is built in on other driver mode ls within the ixys bridge driver family. other features of the ixd611 driver include: ? wide supply voltage operation 10-35v ? matched propagation delay for both drivers ? undervoltage lockout protection ? latch up protected over entire operating range ? +/- 50v/ns dv/dt immunity 3.1.10 ixys ixtp3n50p polarhv n-channel power mosfet the ixtp3n50p is a 3a 500v general purpos e power mosfet that comes from the family of ixys polarhv mosfets. when comparing equivalent die sizes, polarht results in 50% lower r ds(on), 40% lowe r r thjc (thermal resistance, junction to case), and 30% lower qg (gate charge) enabling a 30% - 40% die shrink, with the same or better performance verses the 1 st generation power mosfets. within the ballast demonstrato r itself the ixtp3n50 serves two functions. the first of which is the power switching pair of devices in the half-bridge circuit that drives the lamps. while a third device serves duty in th e main pfc circuit as the power switch that drives the pfc inductor.
ballast demonstrator user guide -11 7629a?avr?04/06 section 4 circuit operation general requirements ? one or two lamps, type t8 of any characteristics ? ballast to compensate automatically ? hardware is capable of up to 40w per lamp ? line voltage of 90 to 265 vac, 50 or 60 hz ? 380 volt dc bus as provided by a power factor correcting boost regulator (pfc) 4.1 pfc upon application of mains pow er, without the pfc running, the filter cap c9 will charge to the peak line voltage. the current source will supply the low voltages. after the dc bus voltage is 0.9 times the haversine peak and the under voltage lockout (uvlo) requirements are met, a series of fixed width soft-start pulses are sent to the pfc fet of 10 us at a 20 khz rate. at very low 380v load current the 380dvc bus should rise to 380v. if the bus rises to 410 vdc, all pfc pulses stop. the zero crossing detector (p3.2/int0) starts to sense zero crossings from the pfc transformer secondary. a 380v dc bus and a zero crossing event starts the pfc control loop. checks are made for the presence of the rectified mains (haversine) and bus voltage throughout normal operation. mains sense (p 3.3/ain4) < 0.76 v pk (90 vac) or > 2.24 v pk (265 vac) faults the pfc to off, turns off the ? bridge and initiates a restart. the control consists of meas uring the 380v bus error from the 380v setpoint of 1.89 v at p4.0/ain0 to determine the pfc drive pul se width (pw). the pw is made propor- tional to the error, and has to be constant during a complete half period, so the update is done each time the haversine is null. a maxi mum pw limit should be coded to limit the fet current under upset of high error and high haversine (265vac*1.4). the maximum pulse width allowed is inversely proporti onal to the peak haver sine voltage and varies between 6 us at high line and 20 us at low line. pw max = k/v haversine current sensing of the pfc fet source is not needed as the peak current allowed can be set by the haversine peak detect. t max = l ipk / v haversine with l at 700 uh and ipk at 3.2 a, tmax = 6 us at high line (265 vrms). this also effec- tively limits the fet dissipation under upset conditions. under normal operation, a pulse
-12 ballast demonstrat or user guide 7629a?avr?04/06 width maximum of 20 us is allowed for ma ximum 380 vdc error but with the high line limitation. 1% regulation of the 380 vdc bus was achieved with this control scheme. after the pfc fet on pulse, the pfc inductor flyback boosts the voltage through d6 to the bulk filter capacitor. the boost current decays as measured by the inductor second- ary. after the current goes to zero, the next pulse is started. this ensures operation in near critical conduction boost mode. the current zero crossing detect of p3.2/int0 sets the pfc off time. this off time is effectiv ely proportional to the haversine amplitude with the lowest pfc frequency occurring at the haversine crest and the highest frequency at the haversine zero. because of the haversine voltage, and di=v*dt/l the mains current envelope should follow the voltage for near uni ty power factor. this assumes a nearly constant error (di) of the 380 vdc bus over each haversine period. the pfc on time is modified proportiona lly to the error between 380v and the actual value of the 380vdc bus. in case the v bus reaches the overshoot value (410v) the pulse is reduce to 0. 4.1.1 pfc sequence 1. power on. 2. ixi859 function block supplies 3.3v to microcontroller 3. microcontroller undervoltage lockout released 4. disable half-bridge drive output 5. disable p3.2/int0 comparator. 6. p3.3/ain4 must be >0.76 vmin (90vac) & <2.24 (265vac) vmax (haversine peak) for the pfc to start. 7. check ac line condition every 200 ms maximum (10 cycles of 50 hz). 8. if fail check, halt pfc, and half-bridge. do not restart until line within specs to protect pfc. 9. soft start pfc with 10 us pulses at 50 us period for 800 us. 10. monitor for a zero crossing of the pfc inductor secondary voltage. this occurs after the 10 us st art pulse burst. 11. if no zero crossing & after 800 us halt pfc drive, wait 1 second & provide pfc drive with 10 us pulses for 800 us. try 10 times 12. after zero crossing and 380 vdc (1.89 v at p4.0/ain0) enable pfc control loop 13. if > 410v (2.04 v at p4.0/ain0) then inhibit pd0 pulse 14. if < 380v (1.89 v at p4.0/ain0) then us e the control loop to establish the pulse width. 15. limit pulse width to 25 us or as determined by the haversine peak voltage. 16. after pfc pulse, wait until zero crossing detected (pfc off time) then enable pfc pulse with width calculated from bus error and haversine peak. 4.2 lamp circuit 4.2.1 general t4 primary and c12 form a series resonant circ uit driven by the output half bridge. since the output is 380v pulsed dc, dc isolation is provided by c11 to drive the lamp circuit with ac. the lamp is placed across the re sonating capacitor c12. the lamp filaments are driven by windings on t4 secondaries to about 3 vrms so that the resonating induc- tor current provides the starti ng lamp filament current. sequentially, the lamp is started at a freq uency well above resonance at 100 khz before ramping down to 55 khz ignition. 80 khz provides a lagging power factor where most of
ballast demonstrator user guide -13 7629a?avr?04/06 the drive voltage appears across the inducto r. a smaller voltage appears across the res- onating capacitor and the lamps. however with 1 mh gapped inductance, there is sufficient inductor current to power the filaments. for lamp ignition, the frequency is reduced from 80 khz to 40 khz at 30 khz/sec towards resonance causing the lamp voltage to rise to about 340 vpeak. ignition occurs at about 40 khz for a 18w t8 lamp. the plasma established in the lamp presents a resistive load acro ss the resonating capacitor thereby reducing the voltage across the capacitor and shifting the reactive power in the bridge circuit to resistive power in the lamp. a further reduction in frequency to 32 khz at 30 khz/sec establishes maximum bright- ness as the resonant circuit now has a leading (capacitive) power factor causing more voltage and current (approx. 360 vpeak) across the capacitor and the lamp. 4.2.1.1 single lamp operation single lamp operation can be detected from the 380vdc bus current through the 1 ohm sense resistor. at preheat the current for one lamp is half that for two lamps. this cur- rent is also used to sense open filament condition or lamp removed under power condition. an abrupt change in the bus current is a good indicator of lamp condition that does not require a high frequency response nor a minimal response due to reactive currents. once single lamp condition is detected, the mini mum run frequency is determined by ix380v = single lamp power. if the single la mp condition occurs during "run" as noted by a decrease in current of more than 20% from the preset level, increase the frequency until the single lamp power conditions are met. if the current increases by more than 20% , assume the lamp has been replaced. step increase the frequency to 80 khz to restart the ignition process. this is necessary to preheat the new lamp filament to ensure that the hot lamp will not ignite much sooner than the cold lamp exceeding the balance transformer range. repeat ignition sequence. with one cold lamp in parallel with one hot lamp, it may be necessary to restart se veral times to get bo th lamps to ignite. the at8xeb5114 internal amplifier has the gain preset in the program to 10. this scales the lamp current input to a reasonable a/d resolution. 4.2.1.2 lamp number sequence after vbus = 380 v start preheat start half-bridge drive with 12.5 us total period (80 khz) if i > 20 ma, then 2 lamps. if i < 20 ma assume a single lamp. i < 10 ma assume an empty fixture = fault & shutdown. 4.2.1.3 start ignition sequence 1. sweep half-bridge frequency down at 30 khz/sec 2. stop sweep at 40 khz or 25 us period (12.5 us pulses for each ? bridge fet) 3. check i > 100 ma (2 lamps) or > 30 ma (1 lamp) for proof of ignition 4. hold ignition frequency for 10 ms 5. measure the lamp voltage collapse for pr oof of ignition (p4.1/ain1 < 200 mv) 6. if the lamp voltage has not collapsed, increase frequency to 77 khz for preheat for 1 second. repeat ignition sequence. 7. proceed to full power setting at 30 kh z/sec rate after ignition is detected. 4.2.1.4 power control calculate input power for both lamps = i x 380vdc. adjust freq. up (lower po wer) or down (higher power) at 30 khz/sec rate. limit freq. to 32 khz to 80 khz range.
-14 ballast demonstrat or user guide 7629a?avr?04/06 if lamp currents exceed power limits by 10% (as determined by lamp type), set half- bridge drive off due to over current. start re -ignition sequence. repeat 6 times and if still out of spec, shutdown pfc and half-bridge drive. pd6 rectified ac drive checks are made for the presence of the rectified mains (haversine) and bus voltage throughout normal operation. mains voltage < 90 vac or 265 vac peak faults the pfc to off, turns off the half-bridge and initiates a restart.
ballast demonstrator user guide -15 7629a?avr?04/06 section 5 at8xeb5114 non-dimmable software this section of the document describes the software architecture utilizing the following source code files and related state machines. main_at8xeb5114_fluo_demo.c ? adc state machine pfc_ctrl.c ? pfc state machine lamp_ctrl.c ? lamp state machine and their associated header files. - main_at8xeb5114_fluo_demo.h ? pfc_ctrl.h ?lamp_ctrl.h including the following peripherals: ? timer0, adc, amplifier, pwm0, and pwm1. in order for the ballast to operate, there are two primary control systems that run simul- taneously. the first is for the pfc control and second for the lamp control. furthermore in order to work properly, the state machines require input data. this ana- log data is provided via an auto runn ing interrupt mode adc state machine. the complete software package for the applica tion is split into the functional blocks in the diagram shown below. while the variables are identified as follows. ? g_ global ? gv_global volatile ? gs_ global static voltage and current variables are id entified by the following examples ? g_v or g_i global - voltage/current ? gv_v or gv_i global volatile - voltage/current ? gs_v or gs_i global static - voltage/current
-16 ballast demonstrat or user guide 7629a?avr?04/06 figure 5-1. main at8xeb5114 fluo demo v_haversine temperature i_lamp v_lamp v_bus pfc_zcd lamp_eol analog comparator adc pfc_output inverter_high inverter_low dual_lamp pfc ctrl lamp ctrl gv_v_haversine gv_v_bus gv_i_lamp gv_v_lamp gv_temperature main at8xeb5114 fluo demo
ballast demonstrator user guide -17 7629a?avr?04/06 5.1 main_at8xeb5114_fluo_demo.c this file executes all the pe ripherals initializations and t hen schedules the different con- trol tasks. the adc state machine is included in this file. the adc state machine is controlled via interrupts. 5.1.1 adc state machine the adc state machine function al diagram is shown below: figure 5-2. adc state machine diagram the different states are outlined below: adc_off the adc was previously off, this is the fi rst conversion and is not necessarily valid. start the first v_haver sine_conv conversion. v_haversine_conv get back the v_ha versine result. start the v_bus_conv next conversion. v_bus_conv get back the v_bus result. start the v_haversine_conv, the tem perature_conv, or the v_lamp_conv conversion depending on g_time_waiting_since_latest_temperature_conv. temperature_conv get back the temperature_result. start the v_lamp_conv conversion. v_lamp_conv get back the v_ lamp result. v_haversine_conv temperature_conv v_bus_conv adc_off g_time_waiting_since_latest_temperature_conv >= time_to_wait_between_two_temperature_conv v_lamp_conv i_lamp_conv
-18 ballast demonstrat or user guide 7629a?avr?04/06 start the i_lamp_conv conversion. i_lamp_conv get back the i_ lamp result. start the next conversi on cycle with a v_haver sine_conv conversion.
ballast demonstrator user guide -19 7629a?avr?04/06 5.2 pfc_ctrl.c this file executes the pfc state machine according to the scheduler in the main_at8xeb5114_fluo_demo.c file. 5.2.1 pfc state machine the pfc state machine functional diagram is shown below: figure 5-3. pfc state machine diagram the different states are outlined below: init_pfc_haversine_check initialize the control values of the pfc. this is the initial state set by the main_at8xeb5114_fluo_demo.c file. then jump to the haversine_check state. haversine_check measure the ha versine peak voltage during haversine_min_check_time. then jump to the pfc_h aversine_check state. pfc_haversine_check pfc haversine peak must be incl uded between haversine_peak_min and haversine_peak_max (9 0vac and 265vac). if the haversine value is ok, set the maxi mum pulse width allowed and jump to the configure_pfc_soft_start state. else go back to init_pfc_haversine_check state. init_pfc_haversine_check pfc_control_loop pfc_delay_for_next_soft_start pfc_soft_start start_pfc_soft_start configure_pfc_soft_start haversine_check pfc_haversine_check g_pfc_time_since_previous_timer_reset <= haversine_min_check_time haversine_peak_min <=gs_v_haversine_peak <= haversine_peak_max (0.95 * gs_v_haversine_peak) <= gv_v_bus <= v_bus_set_point gs_pfc_soft_start_tries <= pfc_start_max_tries pfc_problem gvs_zcd_occures get_v_bus() >= v_bus_overshoot gvs_pfc_soft_start_shots <= pfc_max_start_shots gs_multiplier_pfc_time_since_previous_timer_reset >= delay_multiplier_for_next_pfc_soft_start
-20 ballast demonstrat or user guide 7629a?avr?04/06 configure_pfc_soft_start configures the peripherals pwm1 and interrupt 0 to soft start the pfc. then jump to start_pfc_soft_start. start_pfc_soft_start check that the soft start has been tr ied less than pf c_start_max_tries if ok then start pwm1 and jump to pfc_soft_start state. else immediately jump to pfc_problem state. pfc_soft_start the pfc soft start consists on pfc_max_start_shots pulses configured on pfc_soft_start_ configuration. if a zero crossing detection appears, jump to the pfc_control_loop state else go to init_pfc_haversine_check, pfc_delay_for_next_pfc_s oft_start, or pfc_problem state depending on the different conditions detailed in the pfc diagram. pfc_delay_for_next_pfc_soft_start in case the soft start fails , the software has to wait delay_for_next_pfc_soft_start* delay_multiplier_for_next_pfc_s oft_start, before trying a new soft start by going back to the start_pfc_soft_start state. pfc_control_loop a zero crossing detection occurs so the pfc is now started and the pfc can be config- ured on autoretrigg mode. the pfc is now running. this is the normal pfc loop control.
ballast demonstrator user guide -21 7629a?avr?04/06 5.3 lamp_ctrl.c this file executes lamp state machine according to the scheduler in the main_at8xeb5114_fluo_demo.c file. 5.3.1 lamp state machine the lamp state machine functional diagram is shown below: figure 5-4. lamp state machine the different states are outlined below: lamp_off nothing happens, the exiting of this state takes place as soon as the gv_pfc_state is set to pfc_control_loop. configure_lamp_preheat this is the first time the lamp has tried to be started since the user has requested the switch on. configure the amplifier0 which is used to measure the current then configure the psc2 according to the definitions in the config.h file, and initialize all the lamp control variables. then jump to the lamp_preheat state. lamp_preheat let the preheat sequence for lamp_preheat_time. then jump to the lamp_number_check state. configure_lamp_preheat start_ignition lamp_preheat lamp_number_check g_lamp_time_multiplier >= lamp_preheat_time_multiplie r gs_lamp_check_number >= 15 lamp_off gv_pfc_state==pfc_control_loop g_inverter_comparison_values.ontime1 < inverter_xxx_lamp_ignition_half_period ignition get_i_lamp() >= one_lamp_minimum_ignition_current && et_v_lamp() < ignition_maximum_ignition_voltag e restart_preheat gs_lamp_ignition_tries < lamp_ignition_max_tries start_run_mode g_inverter_comparison_values.ontime1 >= inverter_run_half_period run_mode g_number_of_lamps > 0 too_many_lamp_ignition_tries no_lamp
-22 ballast demonstrat or user guide 7629a?avr?04/06 lamp_number_check check the preheat current in order to know whether there is one or two lamps then jump to the start_ignition state. in case there is no lamp, jump to the no_lamp state. start_ignition decrease the frequency from the init frequency down to inverter_ignition_half_period. then jump to ignition state. ignition the ignition sequence consists in maintaining the ignition frequency determined by inverter_ignition_half_period for 10ms, then checking for ignition by measur- ing lamp current and voltage. in case it is.. . start_run_mode. in case it isn't... restart_preheat. restart_preheat reconfigure the inverter with the restart parameters, then lamp_preheat. if ignition fails too many times... go to too_many_lamp_ignition_tries. start_run_mode increase the frequency from the init frequency, inverter_ignition_half_period. then jump to run_mode state. run_mode normal control loop to have the light in accordance with the gv_lamp_preset_current . too_many_lamp_ignition_tries if the ignition has failed lamp_ignition_m ax_tries, the lamp is switched off. no_lamp if during the lamp_number_check number no lamp is detected, the lamp is switched off.
ballast demonstrator user guide -23 7629a?avr?04/06 section 6 conclusion the ballast demonstrator shows that t he atmel microcontroller and supporting ixys devices can control and regulate one or more fluorescent lamps with precision and effi- ciency, therefore providing the lamp controller manufacturer with maximum flexibility with their design. universal input and power factor control adds to the flexibility of the design with a minimal addition of mo re expensive active components. additionally, the programmability of the microcontro ller offers the lamp manufacturer the flexibility to add or modify design features to enhance their market position. the ballast demonstrator, with its many features, does not address all the possibilities available to the lamp controller designer. 6.1 appendix 1: capacitor coupled low voltage supply small currents for the low voltage supply can be obtained from the ac line at low loss by means of capacitor coupling as shown in t he figures below. to estimate the required size of the coupling capacitor, use the follo wing relationships for current, charge, voltage and capacitance. 1.dq/dt = i dc figure 6-1. negative line half cycle ac c1 v d v d c2 ?negative? line half -cycle: c1 charges to vpk - v d with polarity shown. vo ich1 i dc -v pk -v c1 +
-24 ballast demonstrat or user guide 7629a?avr?04/06 figure 6-2. positive line half cycle 1.dv = 2vpk-vo-2v d 2.dq = cdv or c = dq/dv for example, to obtain 15 ma at 20 vdc from a 220 vrms 50 hz line: 1.dq/dt = (15 millijoules/sec)/(50 cycles/sec) or 0.3 millijoules / cycle. 2.over 1 cycle, the coupling capacitor (c1) will charge from ?220v x 1.4 to +220v x 1.4 ? 20v- v d . dv = 2*vpk-vo-2v d . dv ~= 600v. 3. the required c1 ~ 0.3 millijoules/600v or 0.5 uf in practice, c1 may have to be larger depending on the amount of ripple allowed by c2 and to account for component tolerances, mini mum voltage, and current in the regulator diode. c1 must be a non-polarized type with a voltage rating to withstand the peak line voltage including transients. a high quality film capacitor is recommended. 6.2 appendix 2: pfc basics the function of the pfc boost regulator is to produce a regulated dc supply voltage from a full wave rectified ac line voltage while maintaining a unity power factor load. this means that the current drawn from the line must be sinusoidal and in phase with the line voltage. the ballast pfc circuit accomplishes this by means of a boost converter operating (see figure 6-3) at critical conduction so that the current waveform is triangular (see figure 6-4). figure 6-3. pfc boost regulator ac c1 v d v d c2 ?positive? line half -cycle: c1 charges to vpk - v d - vo with polarity shown. vo ich2 i dc +v pk + v c1 - pfc inductor pfc boost regulator power voltage vin vbus ion = (vin x t )/ l ioff pfc switch
ballast demonstrator user guide -25 7629a?avr?04/06 the boost switch on time is maintained constant over each half cycle of the input volt- age sinusoid. therefore the peak current for eac h switching cycle is proportional to the line voltage which is nearly constant during t on. (ipeak = vin x ton/ l). since the aver- age value of a triangular waveform is half its peak value, the average current drawn is also proportional to the line voltage. figure 6-4. main voltage supply cutting pfc driving main supply voltage ipeak = vin x ton / l imean = ipeak/2 ion ioff actual switching frequency is higher than shown
-26 ballast demonstrat or user guide 7629a?avr?04/06 6.3 appendix 3: bill of materials item quantity reference part manufactures part # distributors part # distributor table 6-1. bill of materials item quantity reference par t manufactures part # 1 1 br1 600v df10s 2 2 c1,c3 1800 pf 250vac wyo182mcmbf0k 3 1 c2 1 nf 50v ecj-2vb1h102k 4 3 c4,c11,c14 .1 uf 600v mkp1840410634 5 1 c5 1 nf 250 vac eck-nvs102me 6 1 c6 47 uf 63v eca-1jm470 7 1 c7 10 uf 25v t491c106k025as 8 1 c8 1 uf grm219f51e105za01d 9 1 c9 47 uf 450v eco-s2wp470ba 10 2 c10,c31 .022 uf ecj-2vf1h223z 11 1 c12 .01 uf 1500v film mkp100.01/2000/5 12 7 c13,c15,c23,c24,c27,c28, .1 uf grm216f51e104za01d c30 13 2 c16,c17 4.7 nf 630v ecj-3fb2j472k 14 4 c18,c19,c21,c22 220 nf 100v ecj-4yb2a224k 15 1 c20 .001 uf grm2165c1h102ja01d 16 2 c25,c26 100 pf ecj-2vc1h101j 17 1 c29 560 pf 5% ecj-2vc1h561j 18 1 c32 .01 uf ecj-2vb1h103k 19 4 d1,d2,d6,d12 1a-600v/fr murs160-13 20 1 d3 15v zener mmsz5245b-7-f 21 9 d4,d5,d7,d9,d11,d13,d15, ll4148-13 ll4148-13 d17,d20 22 6 d8,d10,d14,d16,d18,d19 mbrs140ct mbrs140tr 23 3 j1,fl1,fl2 connector 1935187 24 1 jp2 jumper 929834-03-36 25 1 j2 header 10 10-88-1101 26 1 l1 cm choke elf-15n007a 27 1 q1 ixtp02n50d ixtp02n50d 28 3 q3,q4,q5 ixtp3n50p ixtp3n50p 29 1 rt1 10k @ 25c 01c1002jp 30 1 rv1 varistor265vac erz-v05d471 31 1 r2 18k 5% 32 1 r3 1 ohm 5% 33 3 r5,r24,r25 1k 5% 34 1 r6 20k 5% 35 5 r9,r10,r13,r14,r23 1m 5% 36 2 r19,r20 200 ohm 2w erg-3sj201 37 3 r12,r17,r21 27 ohm 5% 38 1 r15 22k 5% 39 1 r16 100k 1/4w 5%
ballast demonstrator user guide -27 7629a?avr?04/06 40 2 r18,r22 402k 5% 41 1 r26 1 /1% 42 1 r27 1.2k 5% 43 1 r28 464k 5% 44 1 r29 1.8k 5% 45 4 r30,r32,r41,r42 10k 5% 46 1 r31 100k 5% 47 2 r33,r34 22 ohm 5% 48 1 r35 49.9k 1% 49 2 r36,r38 4.7k 5% 50 1 r37 12k 5% 51 2 r39,r40 100 ohm 5% 52 1 tp1 15v 5001 53 3 tp2,tp3,tp8 gnd 5001 54 1 tp4 gatedr 5001 55 1 tp5 gatehi 5001 56 1 tp6 gatelo 5001 57 1 tp7 vcc 5001 58 1 t1 lpfc pa1438 59 1 t3 balance pa1440 60 1 t4 lres pa1439 61 1 u1 ixi859 ixi859 62 1 u2 ixd611s ixd611s 63 1 u3 at8xc5114 at8xc5114 64 1 q3 heat sink 531002b02500 1 r11 leave off table 6-1. bill of materials item quantity reference par t manufactures part #
-28 ballast demonstrat or user guide 7629a?avr?04/06 6.4 appendix 4: schematic figure 6-5. c7 10uf 25v j1 connector 1 2 3 4 c8 1uf lamp_dc boo stvsu p fl 2 connector l1 1 l2 2 l3 3 l4 4 fl 1 connector l1 1 l2 2 l3 3 l4 4 r9 1m r13 1m single lamp op q3 ixt p3 n 50 p vc c r12 27 d6 1a-600v/fr d17 ll4148-13 c14 .1uf 600v r30 10k c9 50uf 475v r15 22k lamp_dc rect. lamp voltage det. ignition, ramp, missing lamp det. analog input r29 1.8 k 1.25 to 2.75 normal 1.00 to 3.00 end of life t8 t rt1 10k @ 25 c 1 2 r6 20k temper atur e overtemp det. open filaments detected by 1/2 bridge current, one lamp jumper, & rect lamp voltage. option in code to accept one lamp w/dali flag or fault. 0.264 v @ 80c 1.1v @ 25c 250 ua max. d10 mbr s140c t r16 100k 1/4w c27 .1u f vc c r33 22 ohm hbridge_hi h aver sin e_ in h aver sin e_ in h aver sin e_ in h aver sin e_ in pfc_drive hbridge_lo u3 at8 x c 5 11 4 p4 .0 /ain 0 1 p4 .1 /ain 1 2 p4 .2 ain 2 3 p4 .3 ain 3 4 p3 .3 ain 4 5 p3 .4 ain 5 6 p3 .5 /w 1m 0 7 p3 .2 /int0 8 p3 .1 /w 0m 1 9 p3 .0 /w 0m 0 10 vc c 11 vs s 12 rst 13 xtal 1 14 xtal 2 15 c 16 r 17 vss a 18 vcc a 19 vr e f 20 d5 ll4148-13 r35 49 .9 k 0.1 % r36 10k d18 c29 560 pf 1% d19 zer ocr ossin g lamp_ac not es: r14 1m r10 1m high fet current alarm current sense for power calc lamp missing det. lamp current det. t3 bal anc e 1 6 4 9 q1 ixtp02n50d 1 2 3 u2 ixd 6 11 s ho 7 hin 2 vc c 1 lo 5 lin 3 com 4 vs 6 vb 8 r2 18k to-220 c2 1nf c28 .1u f r34 22 ohm d3 15v zener c26 100pf lamp_current c20 .001uf h aver sin e_ in r5 1k c25 100pf pfc_drive boo stvsu p r3 330 ohm d4 ll4148-13 t1 lpfc 1 3 6 5 10 8 zer ocr ossin g vc c vc c 15v vc c vc c 15v vc c vc c vc c vc c d13 ll4148-13 r24 1k hbridge_lo hbridge_hi d7 ll4148-13 c4 .1uf 600v 110/220-vin q4 ixt p3 n 50 p 400v bus test resonant cap lamp volt det. end of life dc & ac dac controlled window comp. d11 ll4148-13 r11 200 ohm 3 w q5 ixt p3 n 50 p c10 .0 2 u f close proximity r21 27 gatehi d9 ll4148-13 c30 .1u f flourescent lamp flourescent lamp c1 1800 pf 250vac vbu s tp-8 r32 10k c24 .1u f d8 mbr s140c t vc c c5 1 nf 600 v d15 ll4148-13 jp2 jumper 1 2 remove for single lamp op. remove for single lamp op. r19 200 ohm 3 w title size document number rev date: sheet of c-050418-1 0 c 11 wednesday, february 15, 2006 firef ly ballast wl william son & assoc r20 200 ohm 3 w c16 5 nf c17 5 nf c13 .1u f c32 10nf r38 10k c11 .1 uf 600v film c19 220nf 100v vd c tp1 15v c12 .01uf 1500v film r39 100 r18 400k -+ br 1 600v 3 1 4 2 r37 12k r22 400k r27 1.2k tp2 gn d tp8 gn d vbu s c3 1800 pf 250vac temper atur e temper atur e temper atur e temper atur e temper atur e temper atur e temper atur e temper atur e temper atur e temper atur e temper atur e temper atur e temper atur e temper atur e temper atur e temper atur e d2 1a-600v/fr tp4 gatedr vbus rv1 lamp_ac c18 220nf 100v r40 100 j2 head er 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 d12 1a-600v/fr t4 a tr an sfor mer s 1 f 12 tp5 c22 220nf 100v vc c t4 e tr an sfor mer s 6 f 7 tp6 t4 b tr an sfor mer s 2 f 11 c21 220nf 100v d16 mbr s140c t r25 1k lamp_current lamp_current lamp_current lamp_current lamp_current lamp_current lamp_current lamp_current d14 mbr s140c t vc c r26 1 /1% t4 c tr an sfor mer s 3 f 10 r41 10k u1 ixi58 9 vsu p 7 vou t 2 vc c 1 gate 5 nc 3 in 4 gn d 6 vcap 8 tp3 gn d l1 cm choke t4 d tr an sfor mer s 5 f 8 r31 100 k c23 .1u f c6 47 uf c15 .1u f voltage doubler d20 ll4148-13 c31 .022uf boo stvsu p r17 27 r28 460 k gatelo r23 1m r42 10k d1 1a-600v/fr tp7 vc c 0.8 v
ixys semiconductor ixys corporation ixys corporation 3540 bassett st. santa clara, ca. 95054-2704 (408) 982-0700 fax (408) 496-0670 www.ixys.com clare, inc. 78 cherry hill drive beverly, ma. 01915-1048 (978) 524-6700 fax (978) 524-4700 www.clare.com directed energy, inc. 2401 research blvd., suite 108 fort collins, co. 80526 (970) 493-1901 fax (970) 493-1903 www.directedenergy.com ixys rf 2401 research blvd., fort collins, co. 80526 (970) 493-1901 x26 fax (970) 493-1903 www.ixysrf.com microwave technology, inc. 4268 solar way, fremont, ca. 94538 (510) 651-6700 fax (510) 651-2208 www.mwtinc.com westcode semiconductors ltd. langley park way, langley park chippenham, wiltshire, sn15 ige uk +44 (0) 1249 444524 fax +44 (0) 1249 659448 ixys semiconductor gmbh edisonstrabe 15 d-68623 lampertheim +49 6206 503-0 fax +49 6206 503-627 e-mail: a.vanroosbroeck@ixys.de micronix, inc. 145 columbia aliso viejo, ca. 92656-1490 (949) 831-4622 fax (949) 831-4628 www.claremicronix.com westcode semiconductors inc. 3270 cherry avenue long beach, ca 90807 usa (562) 595-6971 fax (562) 595-8182 www.westcode.com
printed on recycled paper. disclaimer: the information in this document is provided in connection with at mel products. no license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property right is granted by this document or in connection with the sale of atmel products. except as set forth in atmel?s terms and conditions of sale located on atmel?s web site, atmel assumes no liability whatsoever and disclaim s any express, implied or statutory warrant y relating to its products including, but no t limited to, the implied warranty of merchant ability, fitness for a particular purpo se, or non-infringement. in no event shall atmel be liable for any direct, indirect, cons equential, punitive, special or incidental dam- ages (including, without limi tation, damages for loss of profit s, business interruption, or loss of information) arising out of the use or inability to use this document, even if atme l has been advised of the possibility of such damages. atmel makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice. atmel does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein. unless specifically pro videdotherwise, atmel products are not suit- able for, and shall not be used in, automotive applications. atmel?s products are not intended, authorized, or warranted for us e as components in applications intended to sup- port or sustain life. atmel corporation atmel operations 2325 orchard parkway san jose, ca 95131, usa tel: 1(408) 441-0311 fax: 1(408) 487-2600 regional headquarters europe atmel sarl route des arsenaux 41 case postale 80 ch-1705 fribourg switzerland tel: (41) 26-426-5555 fax: (41) 26-426-5500 asia room 1219 chinachem golden plaza 77 mody road tsimshatsui east kowloon hong kong tel: (852) 2721-9778 fax: (852) 2722-1369 japan 9f, tonetsu shinkawa bldg. 1-24-8 shinkawa chuo-ku, tokyo 104-0033 japan tel: (81) 3-3523-3551 fax: (81) 3-3523-7581 memory 2325 orchard parkway san jose, ca 95131, usa tel: 1(408) 441-0311 fax: 1(408) 436-4314 microcontrollers 2325 orchard parkway san jose, ca 95131, usa tel: 1(408) 441-0311 fax: 1(408) 436-4314 la chantrerie bp 70602 44306 nantes cedex 3, france tel: (33) 2-40-18-18-18 fax: (33) 2-40-18-19-60 asic/assp/smart cards zone industrielle 13106 rousset cedex, france tel: (33) 4-42-53-60-00 fax: (33) 4-42-53-60-01 1150 east cheyenne mtn. blvd. colorado springs, co 80906, usa tel: 1(719) 576-3300 fax: 1(719) 540-1759 scottish enterprise technology park maxwell building east kilbride g75 0qr, scotland tel: (44) 1355-803-000 fax: (44) 1355-242-743 rf/automotive theresienstrasse 2 postfach 3535 74025 heilbronn, germany tel: (49) 71-31-67-0 fax: (49) 71-31-67-2340 1150 east cheyenne mtn. blvd. colorado springs, co 80906, usa tel: 1(719) 576-3300 fax: 1(719) 540-1759 biometrics/imagin g/hi-rel mpu/ high speed converters/rf datacom avenue de rochepleine bp 123 38521 saint-egreve cedex, france tel: (33) 4-76-58-30-00 fax: (33) 4-76-58-34-80 literature requests www.atmel.com/literature 7629a?avr?04/06 /xm ? atmel corporation 2006 . all rights reserved. atmel?, logo and combinations thereof, and everywher e you are? are the trademarks or registered trademarks, of atmel corporation or its subsidiaries. other terms and product names may be trademarks of others.

▲Up To Search▲

Price & Availability of IXDN0037

	To Download IXDN0037 Datasheet File
If you can't view the Datasheet, Please click here to try to view without PDF Reader .